23 ga Disamba 15:12:07 CST 2021
Babban abin da ke cikin microphone na na'ura mai kwakwalwa shine shugaban sanda, wanda ya hada da fina-finai na karfe biyu;Lokacin da igiyar sauti ta haifar da rawar jiki, bambancin tazara na fim ɗin ƙarfe yana haifar da ƙarfin daban-daban kuma yana haifar da halin yanzu.Saboda shugaban sandar yana buƙatar takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki don daidaitawa, microphones gabaɗaya suna buƙatar amfani da wutar lantarki na fatalwa don aiki.Makarufo mai ɗaukar hoto yana da halaye na babban hankali da babban kai tsaye.Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya a cikin ƙwararrun kiɗan ƙwararru, fim da rikodin talabijin, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a ɗakin rikodi.
Wani nau'in makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto ana kiransa electret microphone.Makarufin lantarki yana da halaye na ƙaramin ƙara, faffadan mitar mita, babban aminci da ƙarancin farashi.An yi amfani da shi sosai a kayan aikin sadarwa, kayan aikin gida da sauran kayan lantarki.Lokacin da aka samar da makirufo na lantarki, diaphragm ya kasance ƙarƙashin kulawar polarization mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma za a caje shi har abada, don haka babu buƙatar ƙara ƙarin ƙarfin polarization.Don ɗaukar nauyi da sauran buƙatu, ana iya sanya makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto electret ƙarami sosai, don haka zai shafi ingancin sauti zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.Amma bisa ka'ida, bai kamata a sami bambanci da yawa a ingancin sauti tsakanin na'urorin lantarki masu girman girman iri ɗaya da na'urar na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto na gargajiya da ake amfani da su a wuraren rikodi ba.
Sunan Sinanci mai ɗaukar makirufo na waje sunan mai ɗaukar makirufo wanda aka fi sani da condenser microphone ka'ida wani nau'in fim ɗin siriri mai launin zinari da yawa da yawa P farad juriya na ciki g ohm matakin yana da arha, ƙaramin ƙara da hankali mai girma.
kasida
1 ka'idar aiki
2 fasali
3 tsari
4 manufa
Gyara ƙa'idar aiki da watsa shirye-shirye
Makarufo na Condenser
Makarufo na Condenser
Ka'idar karban sauti na makirufo na na'ura shine yin amfani da fim mai sirara da zinari mai tsananin bakin ciki a matsayin igiya guda na capacitor, wanda aka raba da 'yan kaso goma na millimita, da wani tsayayyen lantarki, ta yadda za a samar da capacitor na P farads da yawa.Fim ɗin lantarki yana canza ƙarfin capacitor kuma yana samar da siginar lantarki saboda girgizar motsin sauti.Saboda capacitance 'yan P farads ne kawai, juriya na ciki yana da girma sosai, Kai matakin G ohms.Saboda haka, ana buƙatar da'ira don canza maƙasudin G ohm zuwa gaɓoɓin gaba ɗaya na kusan 600 ohm.Wannan da'irar, wacce kuma aka fi sani da '' preamplification circuit '', yawanci ana haɗa ta a cikin makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto kuma tana buƙatar "ƙaramar wutar lantarki" don kunna da'ira.Saboda wanzuwar wannan da'irar haɓakawa ta farko, dole ne a yi amfani da na'urorin na'urar daukar hoto ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki don yin aiki akai-akai.Makarufan Condenser + wadatar wutar lantarki gabaɗaya suna da hankali sosai, wanda ya fi hankali fiye da na yau da kullun masu ƙarfi.A wasu kalmomi, samar da wutar lantarki na fatalwa ya zama dole don na'urar daukar hoto don yin rikodin ko ana amfani da su a kan kwamfutoci ko wasu na'urori, kuma sautin da aka nada ba zai yi ƙasa da na microphones masu ƙarfi ba.[1]
Fasali na gyarawa da watsa shirye-shirye
Irin wannan makirufo shine ya fi kowa domin yana da arha, karama da inganci.Wani lokaci kuma ana kiranta makirufo.Ƙa'idar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ita ce kamar haka: a kan kayan aiki na musamman, akwai cajin.Cajin a nan ba shi da sauƙi a saki.Lokacin da mutane ke magana, fim ɗin da aka caje yana girgiza.A sakamakon haka, nisa tsakaninsa da wani faranti yana canzawa kullum, yana haifar da canji na capacitance.Har ila yau, tun da cajin da ke kan shi ya kasance baya canzawa, ƙarfin lantarki zai canza bisa ga q = Cu, Ta wannan hanya, ana canza siginar sauti zuwa siginar lantarki.Ana ƙara wannan siginar lantarki gabaɗaya zuwa FET a cikin makirufo don ƙara siginar.Lokacin da ake haɗawa da kewaye, kula da haɗin kai daidai.Bugu da kari, ana kuma amfani da marufonin piezoelectric a wasu na'urori marasa ƙarfi.Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 1.
Babban abin da ke cikin microphone na na'ura mai kwakwalwa shine matakin kai, wanda ya ƙunshi fina-finai na karfe biyu;Lokacin da igiyar sauti ta haifar da rawar jiki, bambancin tazara na fim ɗin ƙarfe yana haifar da ƙarfin daban-daban kuma yana haifar da halin yanzu.Marufonin na'ura gabaɗaya suna buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki na fatalwa na 48V, kayan ƙara girman makirufo ko mahaɗa don aiki.
Makarufo na Condenser ɗaya ne daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan makirufo, waɗanda za a iya gano su tun farkon ƙarni na 20.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan makirufo, tsarin injina na microphones mai ɗaukar hoto shine mafi sauƙi.An fi son manna diaphragm na bakin ciki miƙe a kan takardar ƙarfe da ake kira bayan farantin, kuma a yi amfani da wannan tsarin don samar da capacitor mai sauƙi.Sannan a yi amfani da tushen wutar lantarki na waje (yawanci wutar lantarki ta fatalwa, amma galibin microphones ma suna da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki) don samar da wuta ga capacitor.Lokacin da matsi na sauti ya yi aiki a kan diaphragm, diaphragm zai yi wasu ƴan jijjiga daban-daban tare da nau'in igiyar ruwa, sannan wannan girgiza zai canza ƙarfin fitarwa ta hanyar canjin capacitance, wanda ya ƙunshi siginar fitarwa na makirufo.A haƙiƙa, Marufofan capacitance kuma ana iya raba su zuwa nau'ikan iri da yawa, amma ainihin ƙa'idar aikin su iri ɗaya ce.A halin yanzu, mashahuran makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto shine U87 wanda Neumann ya kera.[2]
Gyaran tsari da watsa shirye-shirye
Ƙa'idar microphone mai ɗaukar hoto
Ƙa'idar microphone mai ɗaukar hoto
Gabaɗaya tsarin makirifo na na'ura yana nuna a cikin adadi "ka'idar microphone mai ɗaukar hoto": faranti biyu na lantarki na capacitor sun kasu kashi biyu, waɗanda ake kira diaphragm da electrode na baya bi da bi.Shugaban sandar makirufo diaphragm guda ɗaya, diaphragm da sandal ɗin baya suna a ɓangarorin biyu bi da bi.
Ana aiwatar da kai tsaye na makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar ƙira a hankali da kuma lalata hanyar sautin murya a gefen kishiyar diaphragm, wanda ke taka rawa sosai a lokuttan rikodi daban-daban, musamman na lokaci ɗaya da rikodi kai tsaye.
Gabaɗaya magana (tare da keɓancewa ba shakka), microphones masu ɗaukar hoto sun fi ƙarfin makirufo a hankali da faɗaɗa amsa mai girma (wani lokacin ƙananan mitoci).
Wannan yana da alaƙa da ƙa'idar aiki wanda makirufo masu ɗaukar hoto ke buƙatar canza siginar sauti zuwa na yanzu da farko.Gabaɗaya, diaphragm na microphones na condenser yana da sirara sosai, wanda ke da sauƙin girgiza ƙarƙashin tasirin sautin sauti, wanda ke haifar da daidaitaccen canjin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin diaphragm da jirgin baya na sashin diaphragm.Wannan canjin wutar lantarki za a ƙarasa shi ta wurin na'urar tantancewa sannan a canza shi zuwa fitowar siginar sauti.
Tabbas, preamplifier da aka ambata anan yana nufin amplifier da aka gina a cikin makirufo, maimakon “preamplifier”, wato preamplifier akan mahaɗar ko dubawa.Saboda yankin diaphragm na makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto karami ne sosai, yana da matuƙar kula da ƙaramar siginar sauti ko ƙarami.Gaskiya ne.Yawancin makirufonin na'ura na iya ɗaukar siginar sauti daidai wanda mutane da yawa ba za su iya ji ba.[2]
Manufar gyara watsa shirye-shirye
Makarufo na Condenser shine mafi kyawun makirufo don yin rikodi.Amfaninsa sun haɗa da solo, saxophone, sarewa, bututun ƙarfe ko iskan itace, gita mai ƙarfi ko ƙaramar sauti.Makarufin na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto ya dace da kowane wuri inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen sauti da ingancin sauti.Saboda ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin sa da kuma ikon ɗaukar babban matsi na sauti, microphones masu ɗaukar hoto sune mafi kyawun zaɓi don ƙarfafa sauti mai rai ko yin rikodi.Yana iya ɗaukar ganguna na ƙafa, guitar da lasifikar bass.[3]
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-28-2023